Faith and the States

The Red State/Blue State Divide (covering national elections in 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020), Author Angr
(CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported, GNU)

Key:

Red = Republican candidate carried state in all four most recent elections.
Pink = Republican candidate carried state three of the four most recent elections.
Purple = Republican candidate and Democratic candidate each carried state in two of the four most recent elections.
Light blue = Democratic candidate carried state in three of the four most recent elections.
Dark blue = Democratic candidate carried state in all four most recent elections.

As the excerpts (below) demonstrate, the constitutions of all 50 states — even liberal states like Massachusetts, New York, and California — acknowledge the existence of God.

Most state constitutions invoke God’s protection and/or indicate gratitude to Him for their citizens’ civil, political, and religious rights.

That was not a mere turn of phrase, an arcane way of speaking which has since fallen out of fashion.  It was a reflection of the American people’s faith, an expression of the general state of mind at the time [1].

Abortion

Today, the constitutions in some 26 states have been amended or interpreted to protect abortion [2][3].  In at least seven of these states, there is no gestational limit placed on abortion.

In only 20 states is abortion banned (whether outright or at an early stage) [4].  These bans allow exceptions for rape or incest.  In four more states, bans have been blocked by the courts.

Gay Marriage

A majority of state constitutions did ban gay marriage before the landmark US Supreme Court decision Obergefell v. Hodges in 2015 [5][6].  Gay marriage is now legal in all 50 states.

Gender Reassignment Surgery

The issue of gender reassignment surgery for minors (so called “gender affirming healthcare”) is in process of being litigated nationwide, with many in the Transgender Movement seeking support from state constitutions for their position that biological sex and gender identity can be separated [7].

The question must be asked whether those references to God in our state constitutions are now meaningless vestiges of a bygone era.

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[1]  This is not to say that every American was once Christian, or that Christianity was ever a prerequisite to citizenship.

[2]  Center for Reproductive Rights, “State Constitutions and Abortion Rights”, July 2022, https://reproductiverights.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/State-Constitutions-Report-July-2022.pdf.

[3]  New York Times, “A Volatile Tool Emerges in the Kate Zernike, 1/29/23, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/29/us/abortion-rights-state-constitutions.html.

[4]  New York Times, “Tracking the States where Abortion Is Now Banned”,  6/30/23, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html.

[5]  Wikipedia, “Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_law_in_the_United_States_by_state.

[6]  University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) Law School, “The Gay Rights Controversy”, http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/gayrights.htm.

[7]  Washington and Lee Law Review, “Leave Them Kids Alone:  State Constitutional Protections for Gender-Affirming Healthcare” by Jessica Matsuda, 2022, https://lawreview.wlulaw.wlu.edu/leave-them-kids-alone-state-constitutional-protections-for-gender-affirming-healthcare/.

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State Constitutions (Excerpted)

Alabama 1901, Preamble.  “We the people of the State of Alabama, invoking the favor and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish the following Constitution…”

Alaska 1956, Preamble.  “We, the people of Alaska, grateful to God and to those who founded our nation and pioneered this great land…”

Arizona 1911, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Arizona, grateful to Almighty God for our liberties, do ordain this Constitution…”

Arkansas 1874, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Arkansas, grateful to Almighty God for the privilege of choosing our own form of government…”

California 1879, Preamble.  “We, the People of the State of California, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom…”

Colorado 1876, Preamble.  “We, the people of Colorado, with profound reverence for the Supreme Ruler of Universe…”

Connecticut 1818, Preamble.  “The People of Connecticut, acknowledging with gratitude the good Providence of God in permitting them to enjoy…”

Delaware 1897, Preamble.  “Through Divine Goodness all men have, by nature, the rights of worshiping and serving their Creator according to the dictates of their consciences.”

Florida 1885, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Florida, grateful to Almighty God for our constitutional liberty…establish this Constitution…”

Georgia 1777, Preamble.  “We, the people of Georgia, relying upon protection and guidance of Almighty God, do ordain and establish this Constitution…”

Hawaii 1959, Preamble.  “We, the people of Hawaii, Grateful for Divine Guidance…establish this Constitution…”

Idaho 1889, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Idaho, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, to secure its blessings…”

Illinois 1870, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Illinois, grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy and looking to Him for a blessing on our endeavors…”

Indiana 1851, Preamble.  “We, the People of the State of Indiana, grateful to Almighty God for the free exercise of the right to chose our form of government…”

Iowa 1857, Preamble.  “We, the People of the State of Iowa, grateful to the Supreme Being for the blessings hitherto enjoyed, and feeling our dependence on Him for a continuation of these blessings establish this Constitution…”

Kansas 1859, Preamble.  “We, the people of Kansas, grateful to Almighty God for our civil and religious privileges…establish this Constitution…”

Kentucky 1891, Preamble.  “We, the people of the Commonwealth of grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberties…”

Louisiana 1921, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Louisiana, grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberties we enjoy…”

Maine 1820, Preamble.  “We the People of Maine, acknowledging with grateful hearts the goodness of the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe in affording us an opportunity…and imploring His aid and direction…”

Maryland 1776, Preamble.  “We, the people of the state of Maryland, grateful to Almighty God for our civil and religious liberty…”

Massachusetts 1780, Preamble.  “We…the people of Massachusetts, acknowledging with grateful hearts, the goodness of the Great Legislator of the Universe…in the course of His Providence, an opportunity…and devoutly imploring His direction…”

Michigan 1908, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Michigan, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of freedom. . . establish this Constitution…”

Minnesota 1857, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Minnesota, grateful to God for our civil and religious liberty, and desiring to perpetuate its blessings…”

Mississippi 1890, Preamble.  “We, the people of Mississippi in convention assembled, grateful to Almighty God, and invoking His blessing on our work…”

Missouri 1845, Preamble.  “We, the people of Missouri, with profound reverence for the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, and grateful for His goodness…establish this Constitution…”

Montana 1889, Preamble.  “We, the people of Montana, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of liberty…establish this Constitution…”

Nebraska 1875, Preamble.  “We, the people, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom…establish this Constitution…”

Nevada 1864, Preamble.  “We the people of the State of Nevada, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom establish this Constitution…”

New Hampshire 1792, Part I. Art. I. Sec. V.  “Every individual has a natural and unalienable right to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience…”

New Jersey 1844, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of New Jersey, grateful to Almighty God for civil and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing on our endeavors…”

New Mexico 1911, Preamble.  “We, the People of New Mexico, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of liberty…”

New York 1846, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of New York, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, in order to secure its blessings…”

North Carolina 1868, Preamble.  “We the people of the State of North Carolina, grateful to Almighty God, the Sovereign Ruler of Nations, for our civil, political, and religious liberties, and acknowledging our dependence upon Him for the continuance of those…”

North Dakota 1889, Preamble.  “We, the people of North Dakota, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, do ordain…”

Ohio 1852, Preamble.  “We the people of the state of Ohio, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, to secure its blessings and to promote our common…”

Oklahoma 1907, Preamble.  “Invoking the guidance of Almighty God, in order to secure and perpetuate the blessings of liberty…establish this…”

Oregon 1857, Bill of Rights, Article I Section 2.  “All men shall be secure in the Natural right, to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their consciences…”

Pennsylvania 1776, Preamble.  “We, the people of Pennsylvania, grateful to Almighty God for the blessings of civil and religious liberty, and humbly invoking His guidance…”

Rhode Island 1842, Preamble.  “We the People of the State of Rhode Island grateful to Almighty God for the civil and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing…”

South Carolina 1778, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of South Carolina…grateful to God for our liberties, do ordain and establish this Constitution…”

South Dakota 1889, Preamble.  “We, the people of South Dakota, grateful to Almighty God for our civil and religious liberties…establish this.”

Tennessee 1796, Art. XI.III.  “That all men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their conscience…”

Texas 1845, Preamble.  “We the People of the Republic of Texas, acknowledging, with gratitude, the grace and beneficence of God.”

Utah 1896, Preamble.  “Grateful to Almighty God for life and liberty, we establish this Constitution…”

Vermont 1777, Preamble.  “Whereas all government ought to…enable the individuals who compose it to enjoy their natural rights, and other blessings which the Author of Existence has bestowed on man…”

Virginia 1776, Bill of Rights, XVI.  “Religion, or the Duty which we owe our Creator…can be directed only by Reason and that it is the mutual duty of all to practice Christian Forbearance, Love and Charity towards each other…”

Washington 1889, Preamble.  “We the People of the State of Washington, grateful to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe for our liberties, do ordain this Constitution…”

West Virginia 1872, Preamble.  “Since through Divine Providence we enjoy the blessings of civil, political and religious liberty, we, the people of West Virginia reaffirm our faith in and constant reliance upon God…”

Wisconsin 1848, Preamble.  “We, the people of Wisconsin, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, domestic tranquility…”

Wyoming 1890, Preamble.  “We, the people of the State of Wyoming, grateful to God for our civil, political, and religious liberties…establish this Constitution…”

READERS CAN FIND MY VIEWS ON ABUSE AND ABUSE-RELATED ISSUES AT ANNA WALDHERR A Voice Reclaimed, Surviving Child Abuse 
https://www.avoicereclaimed.com